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India's Supreme Court refuses to legalize same-sex marriage, says it is up to govt_我的网站

A |     NEW DELHI -- India’s top court on Tuesday refused to legalize same-sex marriages, passing the responsibility back to Parliament in a ruling that disappointed campaigners for LGBTQ+ rights in the world's most populous country. Chief Justice DY Chandrachud also urged the government to uphold the rights of the queer community and end discrimination against them. Earlier this year, the five-judge bench heard 21 petitions that sought to legalize same-sex marriage. Chandrachud said there were degrees of agreement and disagreement among the justices “on how far we have to go” on same-sex marriages, but a majority of the judges agreed that the court cannot grant LGBTQ+ people the right to marry as that is a legislative function. “This court can’t make law. It can only interpret it and give effect to it,” the chief justice said, reiterating that it was up to Parliament to decide whether it could expand marriage laws to include queer unions.One of the petitioners, Mario da Penha, said it was “a day to be disappointed but not to lose hope.”“There's been tremendous work that has gone into these petitions, and many hopes and dreams of the queer community attached to them - to lead lives that most other Indians take for granted. The fact that the dream could not come to fruition today is a disappointment for all of us,” he said.He added that it was not yet clear if the court had set a mandate or timeline for Parliament to act. “Without that mandate, there is no pressure on Parliament to enact any legislation.”“There are queer couples today that are already families and in relationships, and are pillars of society. That they are not afforded the dignity and rights that they are due is deeply disappointing,” said Karuna Nundy, one of the lawyers representing the petitioners. Legal rights for LGBTQ+ people in India have been expanding over the past decade, mostly as a result of the Supreme Court’s intervention. In 2018, the top court struck down a colonial-era law that had made gay sex punishable by up to 10 years in prison and expanded constitutional rights for the gay community. The decision was seen as a historic victory for LGBTQ rights, with one judge saying it would “pave the way for a better future."Despite this progress, Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government resisted the legal recognition of same-sex marriage and rejected several petitions in favor. During the hearings, the government argued that a marriage is only between a biological male and a biological woman, adding that same-sex marriages went against religious values and that the petitions reflected only “urban elitist views”. Religious groups too had opposed same-sex unions, saying they went against Indian culture.Adish Aggarwala, the president of the Supreme Court bar association, said the court had done the right thing by recognizing that this was a job for Parliament, an argument the government also made during the hearings. Lawyers for the petitioners argued that marriage is between two people, not just a man and woman. They said concepts of marriage have gradually changed with time and laws should acknowledge that. By not recognizing such unions, the government was depriving same-sex couples of their right to equality enshrined in the constitution and rights enjoyed by married heterosexual couples, from adoption and medical insurance to pensions and inheritance, they argued. “This court needs to push society to acknowledge same-sex marriage,” one of the lawyers said.Petitioners were hopeful that the Supreme Court could challenge the government’s position.But even as some of the justices urged that the state must make sure queer couples don't face harassment or discrimination in accessing basic needs, like opening a joint bank account, they stopped short of granting legal recognition to same-sex unions. Instead, the court accepted the government's offer to set up a special panel that will explore granting social and legal benefits to same-sex couples. Homosexuality has long carried a stigma in India’s traditional society, even though there has been a shift in attitudes toward same-sex couples in recent years. India now has openly gay celebrities and some high-profile Bollywood films have dealt with gay issues. According to a Pew survey, acceptance of homosexuality in India increased by 22 percentage points to 37% between 2013 and 2019.But same-sex couples often face harassment in many Indian communities, whether Hindu, Muslim or Christian.India is estimated to have at least 2.5 million LGBTQ+ people, according to government figures from 2012. However, gay rights activists and global estimates believe they number at least 10% of the population, or more than 135 million.In May, Taiwan became the first jurisdiction in Asia to recognize same-sex marriages. In July, Nepal's Supreme Court issued an interim order enabling the registration of same-sex marriages for the first time. It is still not clear when the court would make its final decision on the case.。            今年4月，国家税务总局发布关于开展2026年“便民办税春风行动”的意见，明确将集成推出一批便民利企服务举措。记者从税务总局获悉，截至目前，智能办税、信用修复等16条措施已落地，为广大企业和群众办税缴费带来更多便利。       ——办税缴费更便利。

B | “升级智能申报”“创新数字体验”是今年“便民办税春风行动”排在前列的两项举措。       在深圳，南山区税务局以AI大模型为依托，推出场景式、问答式辅助引导智能助手，为纳税人缴费人智能推荐解决方案，提升办税效率。目前，南山区税务局征纳互动接通率大幅提升，纳税人缴费人平均等待时长缩短至2分钟，咨询问题解决率提升至89%。       完成移动端App迭代升级、拓展个税App预填功能覆盖范围、落实增值税新政优化纳税申报表……今年以来，伴随税务部门一系列数字化升级改造完成，经营主体办税缴费更便利更流畅。

C |        ——涉税服务更精细。推动税务服务精细化一直都是“便民办税春风行动”的重要内容。       青海省德令哈市不少电站地处戈壁偏远地带，企业办税缴费路程远。当地税务部门在新的电站项目立项阶段，主动上门帮助完成税务登记并开展辅导;在项目建设期，开设24小时涉税争议快速响应通道提供支持;在项目运营期，指导企业规范核算税收收入，避免涉税风险。目前，当地税务部门已经服务保障12个重点项目按期并网发电。       开展社保缴费宣传辅导、自然人劳务报酬代开发票实现“开票缴税一次办结”、开票环节新增提示提醒功能……各地税务部门因地制宜进一步优化精细服务，加强服务覆盖的精准度，确保各类经营主体享受涉税服务“一个都不能少”。       ——各项服务更主动。如何修复纳税信用记录一直都是很多企业关心的问题，“引导纳税人主动纠正失信行为”也是今年“便民办税春风行动”的重要任务。       在浙江，杭州市西湖区税务局主动向扣分企业逐条解读相关规则，发布风险防控指引，全程辅导扣分企业更正汇总纳税备案信息、补齐涉税手续，发起信用修复申请。

D | 截至目前，西湖区税务局辖区内60家企业已顺利完成备案变更和信用修复。       近年来，税务部门持续加强涉税服务主动性，加快推动风险事项从“事后监管”向“事前提醒”转变。

E | 一些企业负责人认为，税务部门把风险提醒工作做在前面，提高企业风险意识，对企业经营管理帮助很大。       ——协同联动更深入。今年以来，税务部门继续加强部门间联通协作，加快从“信息互通”向“一体联办”转变。       记者了解到，税务总局积极协同水利、商务、自然资源等部门，在水资源税、机动车销售统一发票核验、不动产登记领域实现数据共享，强化合规管理，方便纳税遵从。多地税务部门也结合自身实际联合人社、医保等部门，通过将灵活就业人员社保缴费业务接入地方政务平台等方式，实现灵活就业人员参保缴费“一件事一次办”。       国家税务总局纳税服务司有关负责人表示，税务部门将持续深入抓好各项惠民利企措施落地，用实际举措赢得纳税人缴费人的满意与信赖。

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